Unravelling Frequencies

Due to copyright restrictions, the artist is not allowed to display the two following articles as a whole. She thus quotes the most relevant parts as follows:

Menotoxic Tulips

In the early 1920s, 400 years after the Swiss physician Paracelsus claimed that menstrual blood was one of the most noxious poisons in nature, Dr. Béla Schick and his followers carried out experiments that aimed to prove that harmful toxins circulated in a menstruating woman's bloodstream. Despite decade long research that lastet up to the late 1970s, doctors in the United States and in Europe were never able to conclusively verify this theory. While Menotoxins have been used to explain various health problems in women over the course of the 20th century, the theory is no longer taken seriously by most doctors (yet it is still very much alive at some fringes of alternative medicine). Today, menstrual blood is considered a valuable source for stem cell research aimed at curing neuro-degenerative diseases.
The artist's recreation of this experiment using her own blood, drawn from her arm vein during the first day of her menstruation, yielded that the tulips in the vases containing her 'menotoxic' blood lasted the longest. The slideshow juxtaposes the documentation of the experiment with images of a selection of plants that produce trimethylamine, the toxin allegedly produced by menstruating women; Chenopodium vulvaria, Mercurialis perennis and Berberis.
Further Reading

David I. Macht and Dorothy S. Lubin
A phyto-pharmacological study of menstrual toxin, 1923


F. E. Szontágh
Beiträge zur Frage des Menotoxins, 1930


D. I. Macht and M. E. Davis
Experimental studies, old and new, on menstrual toxin, 1934


Anna Lánczos
Zur Frage des Menotoxins, 1948


Virginia L. Ernster
Menstrual ToxinLetters to the Editor|The Lancet. Volume 303, ISSUE 7870, P1347, June 29, 1974


Philip Breedon
Menstrual blood collection and stem cell extraction, 2022
Images

David I. Macht, Dorothy Lubin
Figure 6. The marked effect of menotoxin on cinerea, from the study A phyto-pharmacological study of menstrual toxin, 1923. Source: Wikipedia, Public Domain

Béla SchickDas Menstruationsgift, 1920. Source: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 6. Mai 1920, Nr. 19. Public Domain

David I. Macht and Dorothy S. LubinExtracts from the abstract of A phyto-pharmacological study of menstrual toxin, 1923. Source: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

Virginia L. ErnsterExtracts from the letter to the editor of The LancetMenstrual Toxin, 1974. Source: The Lancet

Slideshow: Menotoxin Experiment including white tulips at the artist's home in Basel

Screenshot of the German Wikipedia entrance on trimethylamine

Images from the publication Giftpflanzen. Ein Handbuch für Apotheker, Ärzte, Toxikologen und Biologen by D. Frohne, H.J. Pfänder, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart, 1987
Credits

Many thanks to Alexandra Meyer for the numerous blood drawing sessions
Unless stated otherwise, all audio recordings, images, videos, webdesign and audio editing featured in this website were made by Céline Manz, 2024

Proofreading by Andreas Schneitter

Font 'Adelphe' by Eugénie Bidaut

Project realized as part of the Swiss Art Awards 2024

Céline Manz 2024 ©